Hair loss in Bald patchesBy ALEESHA of Jobslover.com
Baldness in patches, which is not in the typical male pattern, is usually alopecia areata.
However, braiding and other tight hairstyles, pulling and fungal infection also cause bald
patches.
Alopecia areata occurs in about 3% of people and affects men and women equally. It can occur at
any age, but in most people it occurs between the ages of 5 and 40 years. The cause is not known.
Most experts think it is an ‘auto-immune’ condition, in which the body’s immune system attacks
the follicles by mistake. It is slightly more common in people with thyroid disease. There
may be a link with stressful life events. About 1 in 5 people with alopecia areata says that
other family members have the same problem, so genes are important.
The is lost completely from the patch, leaving a smooth, shiny scalp. A magnifying glass
shows that the openings of the follicles are still present, but there are no hairs protruding
from them. There may be short, distorted hairs at the edge of the bald patch. There may be only
one patch, or there may be several. Sometimes there is a more diffuse ‘moth-eaten’ appearance,
rather than distinct patches.
Alopecia areata can be very distressing, but the good news is that the follicles are not
permanently damaged so regrowth of usually occurs. Regrowth is unpredictable, but usually
occurs in 6–9 months. At first the new may be white, but after 12–18 months the colour
returns to normal. In some people the problem recurs after a few years.
In about 1 in 20 people with alopecia areata, the loss continues, so there will be total
hair loss.
In a few people, regrowth can be temporarily encouraged with Regaine solution, but the effect
lasts only while the lotion is being used. Some doctors inject steroids into the scalp or
prescribe steroid creams, but these only occasionally result in some regrowth.
Dithranol is a cream or paste made from tar, and is used mainly to treat the skin disease psoriasis.
In some people it produces some regrowth of hair. It is rubbed into the scalp and washed off
after a few hours. Dithranol is messy, and stains clothing.
Essential oils may help, according to research at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland (published
in the Archives of Dermatologyin 1999).
Patients massaged a combination of thyme, rosemary,
lavender and cedar wood oils into their scalps at night, and then wrapped a warm towel around
the head to encourage the oils to soak in. After a few months, 44% had growth of (compared
with 15% of those using dummy oils).
Hot-combing with pomades. Some women apply a pomade to the and then use a hot-comb to straighten
or style the hair. This can cause problems. The hot-comb melts the pomade, which drips down the
hair to the root and into the follicle, where it can cause inflammation. The inflammation
can damage the follicles and cause a bald patch, which can be permanent in severe cases.
Hot-combing or using pomades alone is all right – it is using them together that causes the
trouble.
Braiding and other tight hairstyles. Some hairstyles, such as braiding and corn-rows, pull the
hair very tightly. This can result in a bald area, usually at the hairline around the forehead.
If you give up this kind of hairstyle, the scalp usually recovers and the will grow normally,
but the area can remain permanently bald.
Hair pulling. Children quite commonly develop a habit of pulling the hair; there will be a patch
of loss with stubbly regrowth. Adults (particularly women) can develop a similar habit,
which becomes a psychological compulsion and is hard to stop.
Fungal infection. In children, a bald patch is probably caused by a fungal infection. The bald
area usually looks red and scaly. After the fungal infection is treated, the will grow
again.
Other diseases. Some other diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and sarcoid, can
cause bald patches, so it is worth discussing the problem with your doctor.
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